{"id":574,"date":"2025-08-21T11:03:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/?p=574"},"modified":"2025-10-01T05:21:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T05:21:56","slug":"pady-z-vysky-a-jejich-deleni-z-pohledu-prevence-rizik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/pady-z-vysky-a-jejich-deleni-z-pohledu-prevence-rizik\/","title":{"rendered":"Falls from a height and their sorting in terms of risk prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Year 2, Issue 2, 2025
swarm.craa.cz, ISSN 3029-7508
Safety, Work And Rescue Magazine
Pages 21-27, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.71319\/swarm2502.21-27<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Falls from a height and their sorting in terms of risk prevention<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej Belica1\"\"<\/a><\/sup>, Kl\u00e1ra Zelinkov\u00e12<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup> CRAA \u2013 \u00dastav bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch, z. \u00fa.; obelica\"SWARMlezectvi.cz
2<\/sup> Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola zdravotnick\u00e1 v Praze; klarka.zelik2701\"SWARMgmail.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Type of Paper
<\/strong>Review Article

Keywords<\/strong>
Deceleration, fall classification, fall from a height, fall prevention, injury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CC BY licensed Open Access article<\/em>
\"logo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Abstract<\/strong>
The article deals with the issue of falls from a height. It defines basic terms such as fall, fall distance, fall from a height and into depth and fall clearance. It provides basic information on the mechanics and consequences of a fall. It explains the sorting of falls according to biomechanics, to the OSRI (V\u00daBP), to the consequences of a fall and to the OHS risk prevention. These are sorted into completed falls, incomplete (arrested) falls and pendulum falls, including subgroups.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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anglick\u00e1 mutace<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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  1. V\u00a0okam\u017eiku zachycen\u00ed p\u00e1du m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm poran\u011bn\u00edm (nap\u0159. zhmo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b kontaktu s\u00a0postrojem, poran\u011bn\u00ed kr\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159e v\u00a0d\u016fsledku prudk\u00e9ho pohybu hlavy, nebo v\u00a0d\u016fsledku n\u00e1razu do p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky). I nezran\u011bn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk je zpravidla neschopen se s\u00e1m vyprostit a je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na pomoci ostatn\u00edch. D\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vis v\u00a0postroji (\u010dasto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00e9m) je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm bolestiv\u00fd, v\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee tlak postroje na doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny v\u00e9st k\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di k\u00a0omezen\u00ed krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u00e1du p\u0159edch\u00e1zet a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee k\u00a0p\u00e1du dojde, minimalizovat dobu, kdy pracovn\u00edk vis\u00ed v\u00a0postroji. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Poran\u011bn\u00ed, k\u00a0nim\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku prudk\u00e9ho zpomalen\u00ed\/zastaven\u00ed, nap\u0159. po p\u00e1du nebo p\u0159i dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Pro stanoven\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky nelze vych\u00e1zet z\u00a0m\u00edsta aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ale je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit skute\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost kotevn\u00edho bodu od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hrany p\u00e1du a jej\u00ed svislou vzd\u00e1lenost od k\u00a0povrchu\/pevn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Nap\u0159. potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed polohovou energii p\u0159i proveden\u00ed parakotoulu, nebo na tepelnou, zvukovou a dal\u0161\u00ed pro dopad nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 formy energie. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. Povinnost zaji\u0161\u0165ovat BOZP, v\u010detn\u011b vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, coby ned\u00edln\u00e1 a\u00a0rovnocenn\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich pr\u00e1ce, se vztahuje na v\u0161echny vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edky bez ohledu na stupe\u0148 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed [11; \u00a7 101 odst. 2, \u00a7 102 odst. 4]. Usmrcen\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed i ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed z\u00a0d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z funkce (nav\u00edc p\u0159\u00edmo stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konem), je trestn\u00e9 [12; \u00a7 143 odst. 2, \u00a7 147 odst. 2 a \u00a7 148 odst. 1], zejm\u00e9na pokud t\u00edm hrub\u011b poru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kony o bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce [12; \u00a7\u00a0143 odst. 4] a nav\u00edc se to dotkne minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvou osob [12; \u00a7 147 odst. 3, \u00a7 148 odst. 2]. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. Takov\u00e1to definice \u201erelativn\u011b mal\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky\u201c takto vych\u00e1z\u00ed z fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho ozna\u010den\u00ed, nebo\u0165 do v\u00fd\u0161ky 152 m se nezohled\u0148uje odpor vzduchu p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na padaj\u00edc\u00ed osobu. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Pouze n\u011bkter\u00e1, velmi specifick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0takov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, aby v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u00e1du z\u00a0nich naplnil takov\u00fdto p\u00e1d po\u017eadavky na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed definici voln\u00e9ho p\u00e1du, tedy p\u0159ekro\u010dil d\u00e9lku 152 m. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The article deals with the issue of falls from a height. It defines basic terms such as fall, fall distance, fall from a height and into depth and fall clearance. It provides basic information on the mechanics and consequences of a fall. It explains the sorting of falls according to biomechanics, to the OSRI (V\u00daBP), to the consequences of a fall and to the OHS risk prevention. These are sorted into completed falls, incomplete (arrested) falls and pendulum falls, including subgroups.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"V\u00a0okam\u017eiku zachycen\u00ed p\u00e1du m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm poran\u011bn\u00edm (nap\u0159. zhmo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b kontaktu s\u00a0postrojem, poran\u011bn\u00ed kr\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159e v\u00a0d\u016fsledku prudk\u00e9ho pohybu hlavy, nebo v\u00a0d\u016fsledku n\u00e1razu do p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky). I nezran\u011bn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk je zpravidla neschopen se s\u00e1m vyprostit a je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na pomoci ostatn\u00edch. D\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vis v\u00a0postroji (\u010dasto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00e9m) je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm bolestiv\u00fd, v\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee tlak postroje na doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny v\u00e9st k\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di k\u00a0omezen\u00ed krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u00e1du p\u0159edch\u00e1zet a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee k\u00a0p\u00e1du dojde, minimalizovat dobu, kdy pracovn\u00edk vis\u00ed v\u00a0postroji.\",\"id\":\"52d2083e-160a-49f9-9765-2cd6cd0515ae\"},{\"content\":\"Poran\u011bn\u00ed, k\u00a0nim\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku prudk\u00e9ho zpomalen\u00ed\/zastaven\u00ed, nap\u0159. po p\u00e1du nebo p\u0159i dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b.\",\"id\":\"ad404137-6a93-4213-9a21-7db21fcbbef7\"},{\"content\":\"Pro stanoven\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky nelze vych\u00e1zet z\u00a0m\u00edsta aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ale je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit skute\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost kotevn\u00edho bodu od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hrany p\u00e1du a jej\u00ed svislou vzd\u00e1lenost od k\u00a0povrchu\/pevn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece.\",\"id\":\"2416d33d-8a66-41dc-94d3-186e5e912b75\"},{\"content\":\"Nap\u0159. potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed polohovou energii p\u0159i proveden\u00ed parakotoulu, nebo na tepelnou, zvukovou a dal\u0161\u00ed pro dopad nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 formy energie.\",\"id\":\"5dfd688c-1ddd-407e-bf2c-8fa5b7043ae8\"},{\"content\":\"Povinnost zaji\u0161\u0165ovat BOZP, v\u010detn\u011b vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, coby ned\u00edln\u00e1 a\u00a0rovnocenn\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich pr\u00e1ce, se vztahuje na v\u0161echny vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edky bez ohledu na stupe\u0148 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed [11; \u00a7 101 odst. 2, \u00a7 102 odst. 4]. Usmrcen\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed i ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed z\u00a0d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z funkce (nav\u00edc p\u0159\u00edmo stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konem), je trestn\u00e9 [12; \u00a7 143 odst. 2, \u00a7 147 odst. 2 a \u00a7 148 odst. 1], zejm\u00e9na pokud t\u00edm hrub\u011b poru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kony o bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce [12; \u00a7\u00a0143 odst. 4] a nav\u00edc se to dotkne minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvou osob [12; \u00a7 147 odst. 3, \u00a7 148 odst. 2].\",\"id\":\"3c1010aa-ede4-4b10-9e8d-1ef2f3262e38\"},{\"content\":\"Takov\u00e1to definice \u201erelativn\u011b mal\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky\u201c takto vych\u00e1z\u00ed z fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho ozna\u010den\u00ed, nebo\u0165 do v\u00fd\u0161ky 152 m se nezohled\u0148uje odpor vzduchu p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na padaj\u00edc\u00ed osobu.\",\"id\":\"19cddc7c-91ef-4a84-8581-70c3080abf37\"},{\"content\":\"Pouze n\u011bkter\u00e1, velmi specifick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0takov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, aby v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u00e1du z\u00a0nich naplnil takov\u00fdto p\u00e1d po\u017eadavky na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed definici voln\u00e9ho p\u00e1du, tedy p\u0159ekro\u010dil d\u00e9lku 152 m.\",\"id\":\"233ffb0d-f51b-4ca9-8cd8-3c49b8c4bf1e\"}]"},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prace-ve-vyskach-a-nad-volnou-hloubkou","category-bezpecnost-prace","tag-prehledovy-clanek"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky.png",1190,724,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky-150x91.png",150,91,true],"medium":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky-544x331.png",544,331,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky-768x467.png",768,467,true],"large":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky-921x560.png",921,560,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky.png",1190,724,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky.png",1190,724,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pady-z-vysky-18x12.png",18,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"info@itshk.cz","author_link":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/author\/infoitshk-cz\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 problematikou p\u00e1d\u016f z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ky nebo do hloubky. Definuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy jako p\u00e1d, d\u00e9lku p\u00e1du, p\u00e1d z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ky a do voln\u00e9 hloubky a bezpe\u010dnou v\u00fd\u0161ku. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o\u00a0mechanice p\u00e1du a o n\u00e1sledc\u00edch dopadu. D\u00e1le vysv\u011btluje d\u011blen\u00ed p\u00e1d\u016f podle forenzn\u00ed biomechaniky, podle V\u00daBP, podle n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u00e1du a podle prevence rizik BOZP. Tyto d\u011bl\u00ed na dokonan\u00fd…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=574"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":746,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574\/revisions\/746"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}