{"id":922,"date":"2026-08-31T21:22:19","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T21:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/?p=922"},"modified":"2026-08-31T21:22:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T21:22:19","slug":"vycvik-zdravotnickych-zachranaru-pro-praci-ve-vyskach-a-nad-volnou-hloubkou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarm.craa.cz\/en\/vycvik-zdravotnickych-zachranaru-pro-praci-ve-vyskach-a-nad-volnou-hloubkou\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdcvik zdravotnick\u00fdch z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a\u00a0nad volnou hloubkou"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\n\n\n

Year 3, Issue 4, 2026
swarm.craa.cz, ISSN 3029-7508
Safety, Work And Rescue Magazine
Pages 22-29, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.71319\/swarm2604.22-29<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Paramedic’s education for work at heights<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Daniel Dolensk\u00fd1<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup> Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola zdravotnick\u00e1, o.p.s., Praha; dan.dolensky\"SWARMseznam.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n

Type of Paper
<\/strong>Original Research

Keywords<\/strong>
Climbing skills, paramedic,, rescue at heights, training, work at heights<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open Access \u010dl\u00e1nek s CC BY licenc\u00ed<\/em>
\"logo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>
The article analyzes undergraduate and postgraduate training of paramedics for work at heights in the Czech Republic. It combines the analysis of university curricula with interviews with regional emergency medical services (EMS) representatives. The results revealed significant inconsistency and variability across individual institutions and EMS providers. The findings highlight the need to unify educating and training standards.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Posl\u00e1n\u00edm zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby (ZZS), v\u010detn\u011b leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby (LZS)[1]<\/a>, je zajistit dostupnost odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed a srovnateln\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v\u0161em pacient\u016fm bez ohledu na m\u00edsto vzniku ud\u00e1losti. Vzhledem k nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti rozsahu i charakteru z\u00e1sah\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m, v\u010detn\u011b person\u00e1ln\u00edho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nastaven tak, aby byl schopen reagovat na cel\u00e9 spektrum mo\u017en\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed [1]. S rostouc\u00ed popularitou outdoorov\u00fdch aktivit, jako je horolezectv\u00ed, via ferraty \u010di vysokohorsk\u00e1 turistika, roste v posledn\u00edch letech tak\u00e9 po\u010det nehod v t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu. V\u00fdjimkou nejsou ani z\u00e1sahy na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti jsou pak specifick\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee zat\u00edmco technickou z\u00e1chranu a vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b jin\u00e9 slo\u017eky integrovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (IZS), zejm\u00e9na Hasi\u010dsk\u00fd z\u00e1chrann\u00fd sbor \u010cR (HZS), poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ednemocni\u010dn\u00ed neodkladn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b, a tedy i ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou \u2013 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fakolem Zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby [3]. Zat\u00edmco pro hasi\u010de existuj\u00ed pevn\u011b zakotven\u00e9 standardizovan\u00e9 postupy lezeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku, u zdravotnick\u00fdch z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f nen\u00ed (v r\u00e1mci \u010cR) p\u0159\u00edprava na tyto specifick\u00e9 situace \u0159e\u0161ena jednotn\u011b. Nejednotnost se projevuje jak v pregradu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduce na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, tak v postgradu\u00e1ln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch lezeck\u00fdch skupin nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d jednotliv\u00fdmi krajsk\u00fdmi ZZS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z komplexn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu, mapuje syst\u00e9m odborn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy zdravotnick\u00fdch z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro z\u00e1sahy ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvalitativn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu a strukturovan\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f s koordin\u00e1tory v\u00fdcviku v jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edch poukazuje na rozd\u00edly v re\u00e1ln\u00e9 praxi a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed pro zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed a sjednocen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e je s ohledem na bezpe\u010dnost z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f i pacient\u016f vysoce aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organiza\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec ZZS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ZZS v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice funguje jako jednotn\u00fd celost\u00e1tn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ednemocni\u010dn\u00ed neodkladn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00fd je decentralizov\u00e1n do 14 krajsk\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00edch st\u0159edisek s vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed subjektivitou. \u010cinnost v\u00fdjezdov\u00fdch skupin (RLP[2]<\/a>, RZP[3]<\/a>, RV[4]<\/a>) je nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b \u0159\u00edzena krajsk\u00fdmi zdravotnick\u00fdmi opera\u010dn\u00edmi st\u0159edisky s c\u00edlem zajistit dostupnost p\u00e9\u010de standardn\u011b do 20 minut od p\u0159ijet\u00ed t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec syst\u00e9mu je definov\u00e1n z\u00e1konem \u010d. 374\/2011 Sb., o zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b [4], p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e odborn\u00e1 zp\u016fsobilost z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f (nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zdravotnick\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu) je v sou\u010dasnosti a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky[5]<\/a> podm\u00edn\u011bna absolvov\u00e1n\u00edm akreditovan\u00e9ho vysoko-\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho studia podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 96\/2004 Sb. [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eka IZS zaji\u0161\u0165uje ZZS poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ednemocni\u010dn\u00ed neodkladn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de v m\u00edst\u011b vzniku ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota \u010di po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed [4]. T\u00edm se pod\u00edl\u00ed na zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed technicky a organiza\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dinnost\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou. P\u0159i takov\u00fdchto z\u00e1saz\u00edch je nezbytn\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e1 kooperace s Hasi\u010dsk\u00fdm z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm sborem \u010cR, Polici\u00ed \u010cR \u010di Horskou slu\u017ebou \u010cR [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Leteck\u00e1 z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 slu\u017eba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zcela specifick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby zauj\u00edm\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 v\u00fdjezdov\u00e1 skupina (Leteck\u00e1 z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 slu\u017eba \u2013 LZS). Jej\u00ed nasazen\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 zpravidla vy\u017eadov\u00e1no pro \u010dasov\u011b kritick\u00e9 stavy a z\u00e1sahy v obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je s\u00ed\u0165 LZS tvo\u0159ena 10 stanicemi (z nich\u017e 6 funguje v nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m 24hodinov\u00e9m re\u017eimu). Provoz leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed jak st\u00e1tn\u00ed subjekty (Leteck\u00e1 slu\u017eba Policie \u010cR a Arm\u00e1da \u010cR), tak soukrom\u00ed (nest\u00e1tn\u00ed) provozovatel\u00e9 (Delta System Air<\/em> a Air Transport Europe<\/em>) [6]. Slo\u017een\u00ed pos\u00e1dek se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na provozovateli od t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00fdch (pilot, z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159, l\u00e9ka\u0159) po \u010dty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dopln\u011bn\u00e9 o palubn\u00edho technika. Z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho hlediska vykazuje \u010desk\u00e1 LZS nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 parametry v hustot\u011b pokryt\u00ed a po\u010dtu vrtuln\u00edk\u016f LZS na obyvatele [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lanov\u00e9 techniky a metodika v\u00fdcviku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou schopnost\u00ed LZS pro z\u00e1sahy ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou je realizace speci\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch prac\u00ed za vyu\u017eit\u00ed lanov\u00fdch technik, jako je slan\u011bn\u00ed pos\u00e1dky, nasazen\u00ed palubn\u00edho je\u0159\u00e1bu nebo transport pacienta v podv\u011bsu pod vrtuln\u00edkem [8]. Tyto vysoce rizikov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nejen specifick\u00e9 technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pravideln\u00fd specializovan\u00fd v\u00fdcvik podle r\u00e1mcov\u011b upraven\u00fdch metodik Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cR [9]. Takov\u00fdto v\u00fdcvik striktn\u011b koordinuje sou\u010dinnost zdravotnick\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f, pilot\u016f a ostatn\u00edch slo\u017eek IZS p\u0159i n\u00e1cviku technik p\u0159\u00edstupu k pacientovi, jeho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v exponovan\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 evakuace\/transportu do zdravotnick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed [2, 3, 4, 7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Metodika pr\u00e1ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kombinac\u00ed dvou kvalitativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f byla zmapov\u00e1na lezeck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava u budouc\u00edch z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f b\u011bhem jejich studia a u profesion\u00e1l\u016f v praxi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F\u00e1ze v\u00fdzkumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi byla realizov\u00e1na komparativn\u00ed anal\u00fdza vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy student\u016f studijn\u00edho programu Zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Ten je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice aktu\u00e1ln\u011b akreditov\u00e1n na 12 vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Jako zdroj dat poslou\u017eily ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 studijn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny a sylaby p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v univerzitn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed parametry byly nastaveny tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zhodnotit za\u0159azen\u00ed problematiky lanov\u00fdch technik do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, na celkovou \u010dasovou dotaci a na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 dovednosti. C\u00edlem bylo odhalit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta a nejednotnost v pregradu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b v kontextu po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00fdzkumu spo\u010d\u00edvala v polostrukturovan\u00fdch rozhovorech se z\u00e1stupci v\u0161ech 14 (respektive 13[6]<\/a>) \u00fazemn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v \u010cR. Ot\u00e1zky byly rozd\u011bleny do dvou rovin. Sedm obecn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek se zam\u011b\u0159ovalo na odbornou p\u0159\u00edpravu b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdjezdov\u00fdch pos\u00e1dek pro pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou. Pokud dan\u00e1 ZZS disponovala specializovanou lezeckou skupinou nebo leteck\u00fdmi z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i, n\u00e1sledoval druh\u00fd blok osmi specifick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na detaily, rozsah a organizaci jejich pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anal\u00fdza dat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e1 textov\u00e1 data byla po p\u0159episu podrobena kvalitativn\u00ed anal\u00fdze, kter\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1vala shodn\u00e9 a odli\u0161n\u00e9 prvky v p\u0159\u00edstupu jednotliv\u00fdch krajsk\u00fdch ZZS. Limitem v\u00fdzkumu byla skute\u010dnost, \u017ee zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 sylaby \u0161kol nemus\u00ed stoprocentn\u011b reflektovat re\u00e1ln\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fduky a rozhovory se z\u00e1stupci ZZS byly limitov\u00e1ny ochotou a \u010dasov\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi osloven\u00fdch respondent\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tab. 1: Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fduky vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol ve vztahu k lezeck\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00fdsledky<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u00fdza studijn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f a sylab\u016f oboru Zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na v\u0161ech 12 akreditovan\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch v \u010cR odhalila z\u00e1sadn\u00ed diskrepance v pojet\u00ed, rozsahu i c\u00edlech v\u00fduky lezeck\u00fdch a lanov\u00fdch technik. Nejmarkantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozd\u00edlem je \u010dasov\u00e1 dotace, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje od minim\u00e1ln\u00edch 10 a\u017e 20 hodin v pr\u016fb\u011bhu semestru (Univerzita obrany, Univerzita Pardubice, Technick\u00e1 univerzita Liberec) p\u0159es soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed s \u010dasovou dotac\u00ed 40 hodin (Univerzita Tom\u00e1\u0161e Bati ve Zl\u00edn\u011b, Masarykova univerzita, Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyn\u011b, Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola zdravotnick\u00e1 v Praze) a\u017e po v\u00fdznamnou dotaci p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 100 hodin (Univerzita Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci, kter\u00e1 v\u00fduku realizuje formou letn\u00edho i zimn\u00edho bloku), viz tabulka 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zek 1: Odborn\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 lezeck\u00fd v\u00fdcvik na V\u0160 Zdravotnick\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly jsou i v samotn\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fduky (obr. 2). Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 fakulty integruj\u00ed lezen\u00ed do obecn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f t\u011blesn\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na bouldering a sportovn\u00ed ji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na um\u011bl\u00fdch st\u011bn\u00e1ch, jin\u00e9 deklaruj\u00ed ryze profesn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu (nap\u0159. v samostatn\u00e9m p\u0159edm\u011btu Lanov\u00e1 technika v z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/em>). Nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup vykazuj\u00ed Ostravsk\u00e1 univerzita, UPOL, V\u0160 zdravotnick\u00e1 v Praze, UTB a UJEP, kde v\u00fduka zahrnuje technick\u00e9 aspekty lanov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, budov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165, transport zran\u011bn\u00fdch v exponovan\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu, a dokonce i z\u00e1klady sou\u010dinnosti p\u0159i leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1chran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U n\u011bkter\u00fdch instituc\u00ed (Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 univerzita, Univerzita obrany) v\u0161ak konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148 v dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech zcela chyb\u00ed, co\u017e st\u011b\u017euje objektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti jejich absolvent\u016f na re\u00e1lnou praxi (tab. 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zek 2: Forma realizace v\u00fduky lezeck\u00fdch technik na V\u0160<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u00fdzkumu mezi v\u0161emi 14 krajsk\u00fdmi poskytovateli ZZS vyplynulo, \u017ee u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdjezdov\u00fdch pos\u00e1dek nen\u00ed lezeck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed systematick\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku a syst\u00e9m nevy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 dovednosti pro pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a odpov\u011bdnost se tak koncentruje do specializovan\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f. Form\u00e1ln\u011b ustaven\u00e1 lezeck\u00e1 nebo v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e1 skupina existuje u 9 ze 14 osloven\u00fdch subjekt\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b ZZS hl. m. Prahy, kter\u00e1 v anal\u00fdze figuruje na z\u00e1klad\u011b sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u016f z provozu 24\/7 z\u00e1kladny LZS Ruzyn\u011b). U v\u011bt\u0161iny poskytovatel\u016f se z\u0159\u00edzenou lezeckou\/v\u00fd\u0161kovou skupinou (konkr\u00e9tn\u011b u 7) je tato \u010dinnost striktn\u011b person\u00e1ln\u011b i organiza\u010dn\u011b propojena s provozem LZS, viz tab. 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdm lezc\u016f-z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f (v po\u010dtu 11 a\u017e 25 osob na kraj) tvo\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i a z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i, n\u011bkdy dopln\u011bn\u00ed o technick\u00e9 specialisty (Technical Crew Member). Syst\u00e9m v\u00fdb\u011bru a rotace \u010dlen\u016f v\u0161ak vykazuje zna\u010dnou variabilitu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdb\u011br a kvalifikace:<\/strong> Nej\u010dast\u011bji je lezeck\u00e1 odbornost automaticky v\u00e1z\u00e1na na za\u0159azen\u00ed k LZS. Pouze jedin\u00fd kraj (ZZS Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje) m\u00e1 implementovan\u00fd ucelen\u00fd kari\u00e9rn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d odv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se od stup\u0148\u016f technick\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilosti (od \u00farovn\u011b u\u017eivatel OOP, p\u0159es lezce a\u017e po lezce specialistu) [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frekvence v\u00fdcviku:<\/strong> Pohybuje se od minim\u00e1ln\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159ezkou\u0161en\u00ed a\u017e po intenzivn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdcviky kombinovan\u00e9 s leteck\u00fdm v\u00fdcvikem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdcviku:<\/strong> Praktick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava prob\u00edh\u00e1 v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u2013 od p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch skaln\u00edch sektor\u016f a les\u016f po mosty, v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 budovy a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 trena\u017e\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V oblasti mezioborov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce dominuje kooperace s Horskou slu\u017ebou \u010cR a HZS \u010cR (obr. 3). Zat\u00edmco v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00fd person\u00e1l i za technick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed lanov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, v jin\u00fdch je technick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1sahu pln\u011b v gesci HZS a role z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f se omezuje na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed urgentn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v nestandardn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zna\u010dnou variabilitu vykazuje rovn\u011b\u017e metodick\u00e1 spr\u00e1va \u2013 a\u010dkoliv v\u011bt\u0161ina kraj\u016f disponuje intern\u00edmi sm\u011brnicemi \u010di dokumentac\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho provozovatele, u men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti respondent\u016f metodick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch zcela chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zek 3: Subjekty spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdcviku ZZS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diskuse<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nehled\u011b na v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 limity v\u00fdzkumu (mo\u017enost nesouladu sylabu p\u0159edm\u011bte se skute\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem v\u00fduky a omezen\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti osloven\u00fdch z\u00e1stupc\u016f ZZS), z\u00edskan\u00e1 data poskytla cenn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Krom\u011b vhledu do syst\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eita jako podklad pro budouc\u00ed sjednocen\u00ed v\u00fdcvikov\u00fdch standard\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee odborn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava zdravotnick\u00fdch z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a nad volnou hloubkou vykazuje v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zna\u010dnou nejednotnost jak v pregradu\u00e1ln\u00ed tak i postgradu\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pregradu\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho limity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho studia sice v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161kol ur\u010ditou formu lezeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy poskytuje, nejedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o standardizovanou sou\u010d\u00e1st studijn\u00edch program\u016f. V\u00fdzkum odhalil n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n